…for example aphasia, hemianopia or hand paresis in a person of working age Blood pressure Measure initially in both arms if this does not delay…

…reason for conducting the test). Chest pain rated as 6 or above (according to the 10 point scale) should prompt termination of the stress test…

…to address the need for a standardized method to evaluate the anatomical complexity of CAD, particularly in patients with multivessel disease or left main coronary…

…as compared with atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter is not capable of persisting for longer periods of time. This is due to the fact that atrial…

…or intravenous analgesia, or procedural sedation in advance. Inadequate analgesia is the commonest reason for an incompletely performed drainage. Procedure 1. Locate the centre of…

…or methylmalonic acid Folate 7 nmol/L Electrolytes and renal function See the renal parameters for the eGFR stages and albuminuria. Inflammation and infection Test…

…maintained physiologically for as long as the assessment takes. The task of the health service is to give effect to the deceased person's wishes…

…required, in addition to the mealtime dose Never stop basal insulin in a person with type 1 diabetes , not even before fasting or an investigation…

…ventilation is difficult or inadequate. The primary airway in cardiac arrest when the person ventilating is not experienced in intubation. Planned anaesthesia for short procedures…

…one person responsible for recording the transfusions, the sampling, the incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid…

…V1 or V2 + R wave V5 35 mm. Look for pathological Q waves. Pathological Q waves are ≥0,03 s and/or amplitude ≥25% of…

…Intensity For adults, the principal preventive target is: 150–300 minutes per week of moderate intensity aerobic activity; or 75–150 minutes per week of…

…treat (NNT) for various interventions involved in BLS and ACLS. Intervention BLS or ACLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac arrest…

…the chin up. Does the person breathe? Look for respiratory signs for 10 seconds. Palpation of pulses : carotid, femoral or radial artery. According to current…

…registries explain the marked differences in characteristics and outcomes across the data sources for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in hospital cardiac arrest …

…Note that narrow complex tachyarrhythmia rarely causes circulatory compromise or collapse. Causes of tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia) with wide QRS complexes (QRS duration ≥0,12 s) : ventricular…

…partly or entirely outside of the conduction system and thus produce a wide QRS complex (QRS duration ≥0.12 s). Refer to Figure 1 for…

…regardless of etiology, if the initial rhythm is asystole or PEA. Most current protocols for ECMO exclude patients presenting with asystole or PEA. Duration of…

…by myocardial ischemia (affecting the sinoatrial node), sinus node dysfunction or side effects of digoxin treatment. If the rhythm becomes completely regular when holding the…

…by the time it is measured, for example after relatives have given carbohydrate or glucagon. In a person without diabetes, a hypoglycaemic disorder is defined…

…remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications…

…year risk of ≥10% is considered sufficiently high to support BP lowering treatment, whether through lifestyle intervention, pharmacological therapy, or both. A person may also…

…Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings, including pericardial or aortic calcification…

…form of ischemia located in the subendocardium during exercise; this manifests with ST segment depressions with upsloping ST segment during exercise but the person is…

CPR Time is the most critical factor for survival in cardiac arrest. Life saving interventions must be initiated momentarily to maximize the probability of survival…

…an unexpected death due to cardiac causes that occur within 1 hour of symptom onset. The person may or may not have known cardiac disease…

…in which adjustment has been made for confounders) individuals with atrial fibrillation are at five times increased risk of stroke and two times increased mortality…

…negative chronotropic effect. Among persons who do not suffer from heart failure, chronotropic incompetence may be caused by beta blockers, amiodarone or digitalis. Sinus node…

…ventricular filling). Persons with premature beats might perceive this as palpitations, because of the stronger ventricular contractions caused by the increased filling. Frequent premature beats…

…However, left bundle branch block morphology is more common (regardless of heart rate) among persons with heart disease. Alternating block (right and left bundle branch…

…referred to as high sensitive cardiac troponin, may actually detect the presence of troponins in most normal persons. In 2017 it was possible to detect…

…delivers the electrical impulse to the posterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle. Anatomical or functional block in the anterior fascicle leads to left…

…the number one killer in Western and high income countries for more than half a century, causing approximately 20% of all deaths in these regions…

…Sinus node dysfunction is an umbrella term for conditions that either affect the automaticity of the sinoatrial node or block the impulse from reaching the…