…Instillation therapy and contrast studies of the urinary tract. Wound healing with a sacral pressure sore or extensive perineal wounds where urinary leakage prevents healing…

…the knees drawn up , or prone with a pillow under the pelvis. The lateral position is usually the most comfortable and gives good access. 2…

…postmenopausal bleeding, discharge, itching, burning, pelvic pain, dyspareunia. Cervical cancer screening according to the national programme. Checking an intrauterine device or a pessary. Assessment of…

…determines the outcome. Transfusion restores circulating volume, oxygen transport and haemostatic capacity, but it cannot compensate for an uncontrolled source of bleeding. Minimise the time…

…preload in the left ventricle and consequently reduced cardiac output. A substantial reduction in pulmonary perfusion and the subsequent reduction in left ventricular preload lead…