…In older patients delirium is often multifactorial. 7. Start non pharmacological treatment immediately , in parallel with the investigation. 8. Document the diagnosis and communicate it…

…upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of disease progression. Assessment of pulmonary involvement in systemic…

…in haematological malignancy. Investigation of dementia with biomarkers (amyloid, tau, phospho tau). Measurement of the opening pressure in suspected idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Therapeutic drainage in…

…elderly, or patients with diabetes [4]. Associated Findings: The sudden onset of symptoms coupled with diaphoresis should always raise concern for a cardiovascular cause [4]…

…perception in patients without demonstrable ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore does not establish a benign diagnosis. ANOCA/INOCA is associated with recurrent symptoms…

…hypertrophy, or echocardiographic evidence of impaired filling, make the diagnosis more likely. HFpEF and HFmrEF together account for approximately half of patients with symptomatic HF…

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, evaluation and management Chest pain is one of the most common symptoms in…

…conventional hypertension threshold. The traditional diagnostic threshold of 140/90 mmHg derives from epidemiological observations associating pressures above this level with increased mortality. Contemporary management…

Cardiology Diagnosis and treatment of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia) Acute bradycardia with hemodynamic instability Acute bradycardia with hemodynamic effects is a potentially life threatening condition and should…

…of diagnostic tests, and treatment strategies have been updated. For example, exercise stress testing is no longer recommended in the initial evaluation of patients with…