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Cardiac arrest in hypothermia (accidental hypothermia)

…majority of these patients exhibit satisfactory neurological function upon discharge. Figure 1 . Expected cardiopulmonary function and alertness in decreasing body temperature according to HOPE (Hypothermia…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

…Not prescribing glucose measurement. Prescribe the measurement times at the same time as the insulin. Giving mealtime insulin to a patient who is not eating…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…mastoid erythema and a protruding ear are not part of the tympanic membrane, but they are the most important finding when they are present. 2…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…remains consequential, and historically 2–6% of patients discharged with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently found to have had an infarction. Pathophysiological Considerations…

Sinoatrial arrest & sinoatrial pause (sinus pause / arrest)

…does not discharge an impulse for ≥2 seconds. Failure to discharge an impulse within <2 seconds is defined as a sinoatrial pause. Refer to Figure…

Aberrant ventricular conduction (aberrancy, aberration)

…repolarization to ensure they are excitable when the next action potential occurs. If any component of the ventricular conduction system has not fully repolarized by…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…examination must be preceded by information about each step, take place with the patient's ongoing consent, and be able to be stopped at any…

Care after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

…to hospital discharge is only 8.8%, which demonstrates that the majority of patients will not survive post resuscitation care. Among those who survive to…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…or cannot reach it with the instruments available. Do not then try "by feel" — refer to ENT. Relative — a low threshold for referral: Marked swelling…

ACE Inhibitors: Initiation, Titration and Creatinine Monitoring

…changes), renal function, and potassium should be evaluated within 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of ACE inhibitors, especially in patients with preexisting azotemia, hypotension…

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