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Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…in decompensated heart failure (DHF). In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the first time, or newly developed during…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…Exercise stress testing in patients with previous acute coronary syndromes (myocardial infarction), women, elderly and revascularized individuals Clinicians should be familiar with the special challenges…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…stabilise the patient, work systematically through the possible causes, apply several non pharmacological measures at the same time, and use drugs only in severe agitation…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…rising pCO₂ during an ongoing severe asthma attack is an alarm sign. Early in a severe attack the patient usually hyperventilates and the pCO₂ is…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…lipids and smoking cessation. Weight loss was considered extremely difficult across patient categories. However, the emergence of incretin based therapies, starting with glucagon like peptide…

Antibiotic dosing in renal impairment: quick reference

…continued, dosing is guided by drug concentration measurement. At a creatinine clearance <20 mL/min, consider an alternative treatment In aminoglycoside treatment of obese patients…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis across the septum A live insect As soon as possible — kill it first; the patient is in great…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…cardiovascular events per 1000 patient years, compared with 15.0 per 1000 patient years in age matched controls without autoimmune disease. The greatest risks were…

ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications

…Romhilt Este's score system Points Any of the following: R or S in any limb lead ≥20 mm S V1 or S V2 ≥30…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…12 years 0.5 mg (0.01 mg/kg) Adrenaline IV (only in shock, by experienced staff) 0.05–0.1 mg at a time…

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