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Cardiac arrest in hypothermia (accidental hypothermia)

…while for witnessed cardiac arrests, the survival rate stands at 73% (Podsiadlo et al.). A significant majority of these patients exhibit satisfactory neurological function upon…

Anthropometric measurements

…for aminoglycosides and when estimating creatinine clearance in obese patients. Lean body weight is used for propofol and rocuronium; actual weight for suxamethonium and for…

🟠 Brugada's algorithm for diagnosing ventricular tachycardia (VT)

…is an uncommon cause of ventricular tachycardia, it is important to be able to differentiate these entities. The older the patient and the more significant…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…For patients with bundle branch blocks, the corresponding figure is 500 ms. The QT interval represents the time between the onset of ventricular depolarization and…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often fails is that it is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal bone instead of the soft part…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile response. A neutropenic patient with a suspected infection and…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…patient who declines blood transfusion. The decision must be documented and alternatives (iron, tranexamic acid, cell salvage, haemorrhage control) planned in advance. A history of…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…how acute the condition is. A patient with a chronic plasma sodium of 112 mmol/L may be relatively unaffected, while a rapid fall from…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…worse when the patient moves the head is therefore not evidence of BPPV. Step 2: decide whether HINTS may be used HINTS stands for Head

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

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