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🟠 Brugada's algorithm for diagnosing ventricular tachycardia (VT)

…older the patient and the more significant the heart disease, the more likely ventricular tachycardia. The Brugada group has also developed an algorithm to differentiate…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…intervals for QTc duration according to Bazett's formula. Note that a QTc interval 480 is always considered pathological. For patients with bundle branch blocks…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…the patient first. Marked septal deviation towards the bleeding side (relative). Preparation and equipment Personal protective equipment (gloves, a visor, an apron), suction with a…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…the suspected focus, but avoid sampling that delays antibiotics 6 Take a targeted history and examine the patient, with particular attention to the mouth, throat…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…corrected with iron, B12 or folate in a stable patient. Transfusion given solely to reach a laboratory value without a clinical question. A patient who…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…patient have severe neurological symptoms that may be due to the hyponatraemia? 2. Is the hyponatraemia acute or chronic? Severe symptoms require immediate treatment with…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination is therefore not sufficient to exclude stroke [3]…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…information about each step, take place with the patient's ongoing consent, and be able to be stopped at any moment. A trauma informed approach…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…mechanisms may coexist, diagnosis and classification must integrate haemodynamics with the patient’s clinical context and the results of all relevant investigations. Haemodynamic definition At…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…not an automatic response to chest pain. It is appropriate when the expected information is likely to change management. In patients with a very low…

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