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🟠 Brugada's algorithm for diagnosing ventricular tachycardia (VT)

…SVT) with wide QRS complex. The algorithm entails 5 criteria, which are tested sequentially (Figure 1). Figure 1. Flowchart of Brugada's algorithm for distinguishing…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…Reference intervals for QTc duration according to Bazett's formula. Note that a QTc interval 480 is always considered pathological. For patients with bundle branch…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…septum and stop with correctly performed compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often fails is that it is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile response. A neutropenic patient with a suspected infection and organ dysfunction must therefore be managed as…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…patient. A transfusion set with a filter. Blood components must not be given through a set without a filter. Sodium chloride 9 mg/mL for…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…how acute the condition is. A patient with a chronic plasma sodium of 112 mmol/L may be relatively unaffected, while a rapid fall from…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…recognizes vasoreactivity subgroups among patients with idiopathic PAH, including acute responders and non responders. Left heart disease is the most common risk factor for PH…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…typicality of symptoms. These newer models improve identification of patients with very low likelihood of obstructive CAD and may reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing. Coronary artery…

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