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🟠 Brugada's algorithm for diagnosing ventricular tachycardia (VT)

…is important to be able to differentiate these entities. The older the patient and the more significant the heart disease, the more likely ventricular tachycardia…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…intervals for QTc duration according to Bazett's formula. Note that a QTc interval 480 is always considered pathological. For patients with bundle branch blocks…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…the patient first. Marked septal deviation towards the bleeding side (relative). Preparation and equipment Personal protective equipment (gloves, a visor, an apron), suction with a…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…A neutropenic patient with a suspected infection and organ dysfunction must therefore be managed as neutropenic sepsis even if the temperature criterion is not met…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…mm (green) for rapid transfusion, preferably two lines in a bleeding patient. A transfusion set with a filter. Blood components must not be given through…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…how acute the condition is. A patient with a chronic plasma sodium of 112 mmol/L may be relatively unaffected, while a rapid fall from…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…examination must be preceded by information about each step, take place with the patient's ongoing consent, and be able to be stopped at any…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…mechanisms may coexist, diagnosis and classification must integrate haemodynamics with the patient’s clinical context and the results of all relevant investigations. Haemodynamic definition At…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…typicality of symptoms. These newer models improve identification of patients with very low likelihood of obstructive CAD and may reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing. Coronary artery…

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