…a strip cut from a glove, petrolatum impregnated packing strip or a vessel loop for loop drainage. Gauze, absorbent dressing. Local anaesthesia works poorly in…

…3 — anterior packing A compressed nasal tampon: 1. Coat the tampon with antibiotic ointment and trim it to the length of the nasal cavity. 2…

…Immediate (transcutaneous) pacing in bradycardia with haemodynamic compromise — hypotension, shock, impaired consciousness, heart failure, myocardial ischaemia or syncope — that has not responded to atropine: Complete…

…However, sensing of spontaneous atrial activity (P waves) without subsequent ventricular activity (QRS) should result in pacing in the ventricles. To sense correctly, the pacemaker…

…one of the great medical inventions of the 20th century. Cardiac pacing has evolved from a hazardous experiment in the 1930s, to a routine, safe…

…Figure 2. Atrial pacing with normal conduction to the ventricles via the AV system. The ventricles are depolarized via the His Purkinje network, resulting in…

…may rely on continuous biventricular pacing for haemodynamic stability. In patients with resynchronization devices, maintaining CRT during surgery is recommended to provide better haemodynamic stability…

…pacing related repolarization changes, and inadequate coronary flow relative to myocardial oxygen demand. Consequently, an elevated cardiac troponin concentration and new ST segment depression in…

…protocols. Note that while cardioversion restores sinus rhythm in up to 95% of patients, long term maintenance (particularly in persistent AF) remains the greater challenge.

…Failure to pace. Figure 2. Failure to sense. Atrial pacing occurs after the intrinsic P wave. Figure 3. Failure to capture. The pacemaker paces in…