…windowed splint or external fixation. Established or impending compartment syndrome. An unstable fracture requiring operative fixation. A circumferential cast in a fresh injury, before surgery…

…injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications A fracture dislocation requiring operative treatment — contact an orthopaedic surgeon before attempting reduction. Posterior shoulder dislocation…

…focal neurological symptoms. Asymptomatic disease may be discovered during targeted duplex ultrasound (DUS), pre operative assessment, or evaluation of other atherosclerotic disease. Routine population screening…

…injuries to the mediastinum can cause tamponade. Post operative Complications : Post surgical complications following thoracic procedures can cause tamponade. Tamponade with swinging heart of the…

…and perirectal Often larger than it appears; risk of fistula Surgeon, often operative management Breast Cosmesis, milk ducts, malignancy differential Surgeon or mammography Sole of…

…bleeding that rapidly fills the suction, the swabs or the operative field and requires repeated units of red cells. Gastrointestinal bleeding with shock and ongoing…

…the operative electrical environment The surgical team should establish: Whether electrosurgery or diathermy will be used. Whether monopolar or bipolar electrocautery is planned. The operative…

…in the peri operative setting, patients at high risk for malignant arrhythmias should undergo continuous electrocardiogram monitoring throughout the entire peri operative period to assess…