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Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…higher target Doses in venous thromboembolism Treatment doses in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism differ from the atrial fibrillation doses and include an initial…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…and arrhythmias Endocarditis – due to risk of embolization Deep venous thrombosis – due to risk of embolization Relative contraindications for exercise ECG Severe hypertension (systolic blood…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…Capillary refill is delayed, and venous filling may be reduced. Other possible findings include muscle stiffening and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Pulses are absent…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…and the condition is classified as cardiac tamponade. The classical signs of cardiac tamponade are hypotension, muffled heart sounds and jugular venous distention. Other frequent…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…exacerbations and hospital admissions. Current inhaled treatment and adherence. Opioids, benzodiazepines and other sedating drugs. Thromboembolic risk, for example immobilisation, cancer and previous venous thromboembolism…

Central venous catheter

…or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…treatment that heals venous leg ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the symptoms and the patient…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…Other causes include immobilization, sarcoidosis, thyrotoxicosis, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, Addison's disease, renal insufficiency, therapeutic interventions with tamoxifen or lithium, thiazide administration, and over supplementation…

Abscess incision and drainage

…alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers, tendon sheaths Deep compartments and tendon sheaths, loss…

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