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Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…of complications calls for careful consideration of contraindications. Contraindications may be absolute or relative. Briefly, exercise stress testing must not be performed in the presence…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…prolonged, produces multiorgan dysfunction and death. In the setting of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), cardiogenic shock most commonly reflects severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction…

Central venous catheter

…venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted peripheral venous access during prolonged intravenous therapy. The need for central access is not in…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…heals venous leg ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and, in the…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Opioids, benzodiazepines and other sedating drugs. Thromboembolic risk, for example immobilisation, cancer and previous venous thromboembolism. A documented decision on the ceiling of care. Signs…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…50 Dose reduction as in the table above for rivaroxaban and edoxaban. Check every 6 months 15 30 Dabigatran contraindicated. The other DOACs are possible…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the symptoms and the patient's…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…and thyroid surgeries, as well as medications and agents such as bisphosphonates, calcitonin, citrate (from transfusions), phenytoin, phosphate, and foscarnet, among others. ECG in hypoc

Abscess incision and drainage

…the foot Deep compartments Orthopaedic surgeon Close to large vessels, in the groin or on the neck Bleeding, vascular injury, pseudoaneurysm Surgeon, ultrasound first Other…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…Perform a bladder scan in oliguria, anuria or unexplained AKI. 3. Assess the circulation and volume status, including signs of both hypovolaemia and venous congestion…

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