…risk of complications calls for careful consideration of contraindications. Contraindications may be absolute or relative. Briefly, exercise stress testing must not be performed in the…

…Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right ventricular (RV) infarction…

Procedurer What determines the outcome of a central venous catheter insertion is decided before the needle goes in: the choice of site, the use of…

…heals venous leg ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and, in the…

…sputum purulence, the other cardinal symptoms and the severity of the illness. 7. Start NIV without undue delay in persistent hypercapnic respiratory acidosis, if invasive…

…0 A mechanical valve may require a higher target Doses in venous thromboembolism Treatment doses in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism differ from the…

…a missed meal, physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the symptoms…

…syndrome (ODS). It is therefore recommended to raise serum sodium by a maximum 8 mEq/L in the first 24 hours. Hyponatremia of unknown duration…

…in the groin or on the neck Bleeding, vascular injury, pseudoaneurysm Surgeon, ultrasound first Other situations that argue for the operating theatre rather than the…

…even though incidence and prognosis vary widely between patient groups and care settings [2]. Practical first actions Do the following in parallel, not sequentially: 1…