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ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right ventricular (RV) infarction…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…or other professionals. A physician is always formally responsible for conducting the test. All personnel must be appropriately trained and the laboratory must be equipped…

Central venous catheter

…or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…treatment that heals venous leg ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…exacerbations and hospital admissions. Current inhaled treatment and adherence. Opioids, benzodiazepines and other sedating drugs. Thromboembolic risk, for example immobilisation, cancer and previous venous thromboembolism…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…target Doses in venous thromboembolism Treatment doses in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism differ from the atrial fibrillation doses and include an initial high…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…a change in behaviour, collapse or an acute neurological deficit. Hypoglycaemia can cause hemiparesis, aphasia and radiological changes resembling ischaemic stroke. Glucose measurement is therefore…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…of causing cardiac arrest, is an infrequent occurrence. Hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia are exceedingly rare precipitants of cardiac arrest. Sodium imbalance Neither hyponatremia…

Abscess incision and drainage

…alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers, tendon sheaths Deep compartments and tendon sheaths, loss…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…of both hypovolaemia and venous congestion. 4. Take an urgent panel: creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate or blood gas, calcium, phosphate, glucose and a full…

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