Procedurer Aspirate and biopsy answer different questions and do not replace one another: the aspirate shows cellular morphology and provides material for flow cytometry and…

…Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist / hip Men 0.90, women 0.85 = abdominal obesity Waist–height ratio Waist…

…drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre…

…particularly in patients with: Diabetes or other cardiometabolic risk factors Obesity Insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome Elevated triglycerides Low or apparently well controlled LDL C…

…containing lipoproteins, including: LDL Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Chylomicrons and other triglyceride rich particles Thus, non…

…usually II or V5, and the U wave must not be included. Electrical axis Electrical axis Interpretation : : −30° to +90° Normal −30° to −90° Left…

…severe obesity with hypoventilation, neuromuscular disease, marked chest wall deformity, severe bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. Here a lower target range and controlled delivery apply — not…

…during effective decongestion and overall clinical improvement does not necessarily indicate an adverse outcome. Classification of CKD CKD severity is classified by eGFR and albuminuria…

…cardiac amyloidosis Sepsis and other hyperdynamic states In cardiac amyloidosis, BNP or NT proBNP may be markedly elevated even when overt congestion is not apparent…

…of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking and other conventional risk factors, together with diabetes specific vascular and metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes is associated with inflammation, thrombosis…