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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…Smoking cessation is the complete discontinuation of tobacco smoking, with avoidance of second hand smoke and, where possible, other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine…

ST segment elevation in acute myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses

…1 A ). Concave ST segment elevations, on the other hand, are much less likely to be caused by ischemia ( Figure 1 B ). This is noted…

The ultrasound transducer

…waves. The transducer is held with one hand and its position and angle are adjusted to send ultrasound waves through structures to be visualized. Ultrasound…

Posterior acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)

…does not display ST segment elevations during posterior (posterolateral) transmural ischemia. On the other hand, leads V1–V3 (occasionally V4) may detect the injury currents…

ST segment depression in myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses

…depressions. In STE ACS, on the other hand, the ST segment depressions are secondary findings and the primary findings are the ST segment elevations. As…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…the rhythm per se . Rhythm control, on the other hand, attempts to restore sinus rhythm by use of antiarrhythmic drugs. Randomized controlled trials have not…

The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

…leads, as the diagnosis can often be established by examining fewer leads. On the other hand, for the purpose of diagnosing morphological changes (e.g…

Abscess incision and drainage

…again within a day, and the abscess sits somewhere that makes incision in the emergency department the wrong move — in the hand, in the medial…

Pericardiocentesis

…pulsus paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute contraindications other than the conditions in which the procedure is the wrong treatment …

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