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ECG manifestations of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and critical stenosis

ECG Left main coronary artery occlusion Left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion is a rare but catastrophic manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. The LMCA supplies…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…impairment of gas exchange Hypotension, cool peripheries or rising lactate Circulatory compromise or an alternative diagnosis Silent or nearly silent chest Very severe airflow obstruction…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…In some of these patients, microvascular obstruction or epicardial spasm may account for the ischaemia. STEMI usually results from rapid thrombotic occlusion of a previously…

Echocardiography in cardiomyopathies: an overview

…HCM) — This type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by pronounced hypertrophy of the myocardium. It may also lead to obstruction of the LVOT (Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy…

Endotracheal intubation

…Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury, anaphylaxis…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

Procedurer The value of the exercise test lies not in ST depression alone but in the overall picture : exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure response, heart…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…altitude sickness Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The natural course of asphyxia Should ventilation…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…reduced, potentially leading to complete obstruction of venous return by the uterus. This can be remedied by manual displacement of the uterus to the left…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…obstruction) of the left main coronary artery (LAD) or 2 epicardial coronary arteries (Felker et al). Left ventricular dilation entails a markedly elevated risk of…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…plaque and future events Angiographic stenosis severity is an imperfect predictor of future myocardial infarction or sudden death. Lesions causing only mild obstruction may rupture…

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