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Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…morbid obesity. BMI categories are summarized below. Weight status BMI (kg/m2) Obesity class Disease risk Underweight <18.5 — — Healthy weight 18.5–24.9…

Endotracheal intubation

…hyoid, 2 fingerbreadths from hyoid to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage M allampati Class III–IV indicates increased risk O bstruction/Obesity Stridor…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…any major breakthrough in the management of heart failure. In 2014 the PARADIGM HF study introduced a new drug class, the ARNI (Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibitors)…

Heart failure: Introduction

…any major breakthrough in the management of heart failure. In 2014 the PARADIGM HF study introduced a new drug class, the ARNI (Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibitors)…

Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…Chronic heart failure evaluation should therefore seek reversible or treatable causes. The source material identifies coronary disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, valvular disease, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, arrhythmias…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…shift. For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…prevalence of obesity. Gestational hypertension is defined in the supplied guideline material as blood pressure 140/90 mmHg on two separate occasions after 20 weeks…

Anthropometric measurements

…Chinese and Japanese origin, lower thresholds apply: overweight from a BMI of 23 and obesity from 27.5, because cardiometabolic risk appears at a lower…

Arterial line

…metabolic derangement. Major surgery with expected blood loss or large volume shifts. Patients in whom non invasive measurement is unreliable: marked obesity, pronounced vasoconstriction, arrhythmia…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…in steps of 2–3 cmH₂O every 5–10 min towards 20–25 cmH₂O according to tolerance and pCO₂ SpO₂ 88–92% Obesity hypoventilation Bilevel…

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