…do not delay treatment of a neurologically compromised patient. Continuous glucose monitoring reflects interstitial glucose and lags behind the blood glucose during rapid changes. Pressure…

Referensvärden A diagnosis of hypertension is not made on a single reading. It requires repeated measurements on at least two occasions, and preferably confirmation by…

…which the ventricle counteracts by developing hypertrophy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy implies left ventricular hypertrophy under normal loading conditions. Recommended reading Ventricular Pressure Volume Relationship: Preload, Afterload…

…Clinical guidelines now emphasize that a BMI within the conventional "normal" range (up to 25 kg/m²) does not necessarily equate to optimal cardiovascular health…

…the patient has not kept a diary. The set up and the instructions decide whether the investigation will be usable. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM…

…Exercise performance (functional capacity, exercise capacity) Heart rate: maximal heart rate, heart rate response Blood pressure reaction ECG reaction: ST changes, T wave changes, arrhythmias…

…diastolic blood pressure is not affected by exercise (occasionally it may even drop up to 10 mmHg). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increases due to the…

…stress, as it provides additional diagnostic and prognostic information, including symptoms, heart rate response, blood pressure changes, ECG changes, arrhythmias, and exercise (functional) capacity. Functional…

…perfusion Parameter Normal Comment : : : Heart rate 50–100/min MAP 70–105 mmHg Target ≥ 65 mmHg in shock; higher in known hypertension Pulse pressure 40…

Procedurer The value of the exercise test lies not in ST depression alone but in the overall picture : exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure response, heart…

In the second part of the course you will learn all about the normal ECG, normal variants and diagnosis of pathological findings. A total of…