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No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…specifically at reperfusion injury have not generally demonstrated sufficient clinical benefit for routine use. No reflow may also occur in association with other procedural complications…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…Glycaemic control is important for prevention of microvascular complications, but intensive glucose lowering alone has shown little or no consistent effect on cardiovascular complications in…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

Procedurer Opioids have no standard dose. The effect varies tenfold between individuals, and the only way to find the right level is to give a…

Sinoatrial arrest & sinoatrial pause (sinus pause / arrest)

…sinoatrial pause (sinus pause/arrest): ECG characteristics & clinical implications A sinoatrial arrest occurs when the sinoatrial node does not discharge an impulse for ≥2 seconds…

🟠 Left ventricular dimension and systolic function

…typically 10–30% thickening from end diastole to end systole) 2 Akinesia Markedly reduced, or no thickening (<10%) 3 Dyskinesia Paradoxical thinning and/or outward…

Quiz: ECG in athletes

…in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A: Mobitz Type II 2nd AV block B: Prolonged QT interval (QTc ≥ 480 ms for females) C…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…cold alone. The temperature at the outer edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…it further. Starting doses in acute pain in an opioid naive adult Agent Route Starting dose Comment : : : : Morphine IV 2.5–5 mg, repeated after…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…controlled diabetes — expect a raised blood glucose for 2–5 days. Suspected or known tendon rupture. No response to previous injections at the same site…

🟠 Calculate CHADS-VASc Score and evaluate indication for anticoagulation

…is initiated. High No treatment High 2 Oral anticoagulation (warfarin or NOAC) is recommended for all male patients with scores of 2 or more. Very…

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