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Exercise Electrocardiographic Testing: Indications, Limitations and Interpretation

…blood pressure. When coronary blood flow cannot increase adequately because of flow limiting disease, myocardial ischaemia may develop. The electrical manifestation may be horizontal or…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…with a braked, workload controlled resistance; 12 lead ECG with continuous recording; automated or manual blood pressure measurement. Resuscitation trolley with defibrillator, oxygen, suction and…

Intensive care parameters

…since hypercapnia raises the intracranial pressure. Circulation Parameter Target Comment : : : MAP ≥ 65 mmHg 80–85 mmHg in chronic hypertension or when there are signs of…

🟠 Metoprolol

…patients with asthma (due to risk of bronchospasm). • Used cautiously in bradycardia due to negative chronotropic effect. Metoprolol doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive crisis…

🟠 Labetalol

…to risk of bronchospasm). • Used cautiously in bradycardia due to negative chronotropic effect. • In patients with pheochromocytoma, cocaine or methamphetamine overdose, prior treatment with alpha…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…or neither of these abnormalities in the presence of abnormal clinical risk assessment. Low risk PE is characterized by clinical low risk features, negative cardiac…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…pressures are elevated. Consequently, congestion may occur across the full range of left ventricular ejection fraction and may result from systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, or…

Edrophonium test

…if you have selected an objectively measurable finding in advance — usually ptosis or fatigable gaze palsy — that can be assessed before and during the window…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis across the septum A live insect As…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…cancer, chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, a pulse ≥ 110/min, a systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg and a saturation < 90 per cent. An…

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