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🟠 Mitral valve

Mitral valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) < 0,3 0,3 0,69 0,69 EROA (cm²…

🟠 Pulmonary valve

Pulmonary valve regurgitation Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

Tricuspid valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation PISA radius < 0,6 0,6 0,9 0,9 Vena contracta (cm…

Hypertriglyceridaemia: Management and Cardiovascular Risk

…Thresholds vary among guideline systems: Classification Fasting triglycerides Non fasting triglycerides Mild to moderate HTG 150–499 mg/dL (1.7–5.6 mmol/L)…

Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…symptoms suggestive of CAD. SPECT imaging is recommended as the initial study in patients with low to moderate risk of CAD. In patients with a…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…life : : : : Hydrocortisone (cortisol) 20 mg Marked Short, 8–12 hours Prednisolone 5 mg Moderate Intermediate, 12–36 hours Methylprednisolone 4 mg Low Intermediate Betamethasone 0…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…perform the test only on a clear indication and with full preparedness Moderate to severe aortic stenosis without symptoms Individual assessment Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with outflow…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

…protocol Avoid tight targets in inpatients. Hypoglycaemia on the ward is more dangerous than moderate hyperglycaemia over a few days. Principles Insulin component Function Who…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…copious exudate Dry, necrotic, pale Variable, often deep Pain Moderate, relieved by elevation Severe, worse on elevation, better when dependent Often painless (neuropathy) Surrounding skin…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…nail with mild inflammation Splinting with a cotton wisp Ingrown nail with moderate inflammation Splinting with a strip of suture material or a drain Ingrown…

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