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Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…vegetations are attached to the endocardium and, accordingly, less mobile. Echocardiography is the first place method for detecting vegetation in case of suspicion of endocarditis…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…newly detected for the first time, or newly developed during management of an acute illness. The clinical relationship between AF and acute deterioration is often…

Noradrenaline, Dobutamine and Levosimendan: Practical Infusion Use

…care in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), progression of right heart failure may indicate the need for inodilator therapy. Furthermore, acute heart failure and…

Casting and immobilisation

…or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…accelerated algorithm has already been initiated. Evaluation and Physical Examination Patients with suspected ACS should undergo expedited emergency department assessment. The initial evaluation includes: Targeted…

Abscess incision and drainage

…for the operating theatre rather than the emergency room: a very large or deep abscess, a markedly unwell patient with fever and systemic upset, suspected…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…pattern in every case; it may represent the posterior component of a broader infarct territory. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms The source material addresses posterior infarction…

Isoprenaline and Dopamine Infusions for Bradycardia

…Evaluation and Physical Examination The source material does not provide specific details regarding the physical examination maneuvers for patients with bradycardia. Diagnostics Electrocardiography and Ambulatory…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…presenting feature. The source material emphasizes that patients and families should be educated to recognize chest discomfort or dyspnoea as potentially indicating myocardial infarction, particularly…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral…

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