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Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…Mural vegetations are attached to the endocardium and, accordingly, less mobile. Echocardiography is the first place method for detecting vegetation in case of suspicion of…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…source material include cardiac memory after abnormal ventricular activation, transient rate related conduction abnormalities, pacing related repolarization changes, and inadequate coronary flow relative to myocardial…

Noradrenaline, Dobutamine and Levosimendan: Practical Infusion Use

…congestion. In pregnant patients presenting with suspected acute heart failure, urgent hospital admission and referral to an expert centre with advanced heart failure care capabilities…

Casting and immobilisation

…or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…approximately 20–50%. Their greater analytical sensitivity improves diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Cardiac troponin is…

Abscess incision and drainage

…for the operating theatre rather than the emergency room: a very large or deep abscess, a markedly unwell patient with fever and systemic upset, suspected…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…territory. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms The source material addresses posterior infarction primarily in the context of suspected acute coronary syndrome and acute myocardial ischaemia. Patients…

Isoprenaline and Dopamine Infusions for Bradycardia

…activity (PEA). Evaluation and Physical Examination The source material does not provide specific details regarding the physical examination maneuvers for patients with bradycardia. Diagnostics Electrocardiography…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…of blood flow to the infarct related myocardial territory and limitation of infarct size. The extent of myocardial injury is strongly influenced by total ischaemic…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery. Plaque erosion or rupture exposes thrombogenic material to circulating blood…

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