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Foreign body in the ear and nose

…ENT. Relative — a low threshold for referral: Marked swelling or inflammation around the object. A small, smooth or transparent object lying posteriorly or superiorly. Attempts…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…low pressures. No smoking or coffee in the preceding hour. Remove socks and any compression stockings. Avoid measuring the arm pressure on the side with…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…particularly in patients with metabolic syndrome or elevated triglycerides despite normal or low LDL C. HDL cholesterol (HDL C) is inversely associated with cardiovascular risk…

Circulatory and haemodynamic parameters

…hypertension Pulse pressure 40–60 mmHg A narrow pulse pressure suggests a low stroke volume Capillary refill < 3 s A simple and validated marker…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…morphology, which replaces the sharp negative S wave seen in the low risk beat — the previously undescribed biomarker identified by the deep learning model. Predicting…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…rationale Bempedoic acid is an oral, small molecule lipid lowering agent used to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C), particularly when statins cannot be…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an inherited disorder characterized by persistently elevated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) from early life and a consequent excess…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a hepatic protein that regulates the availability of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL receptor) on hepatocytes…

Biventricular hypertrophy ECG and clinical characteristics

…left and right ventricle is rather common. The ECG has low sensitivity with respect to detecting biventricular hypertrophy. This is because the strong and oppositely…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…recovery. A patient who stops at a low workload with a fall in blood pressure is a high risk patient even with normal ST segments…

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