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Intensive care parameters

…for delirium every shift BIS (during neuromuscular blockade) 40–60 Targeted light sedation with a daily wake up trial shortens the time on the ventilator…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…Its relationship with cardiovascular risk is nonlinear: even light smoking carries a substantial proportion of the excess ischaemic heart disease risk associated with heavy smoking…

Lumbar puncture

…the opening pressure in suspected idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Therapeutic drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and in assessment before shunt surgery. Contraindications Clinical signs of herniation —…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…sign of brain death. However, the absence of pupillary light reflex immediately post cardiac arrest is more equivocal. Various pharmaceutical agents, including epinephrine—administered to…

Physics of ultrasound

Echocardiography Basic sound and ultrasound physics Unlike light waves, which can propagate through vacuum, sound waves can only propagate through a physical medium. This medium…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…RATING LEVEL OF EXERTION COMMENT 6 No exertion at all 7 7.5 Extremely light exertion 8 9 Very light exertion For a healthy person…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…particularly in light of the improvements in the management of hypertension (coronary heart disease and hypertension are traditionally viewed as the main drivers of heart…

Heart failure: Introduction

…particularly in light of the improvements in the management of hypertension (coronary heart disease and hypertension are traditionally viewed as the main drivers of heart…

Endotracheal intubation

…where available, a direct laryngoscope with Macintosh blades 3 and 4 as back up, always with the light checked. Tubes in three sizes, a stylet…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…Wait 10–15 minutes. 3. Apply the silver nitrate stick to the vessel with light pressure , rolling it, for 4–5 seconds until a grey…

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