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Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…Weak or absent May be palpable despite ischaemia ABI 0.9 < 0.9 Often falsely high Contraindications to compression The ankle brachial index measured…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…A pot of 4 % formalin, and for immunofluorescence Michel's medium or saline according to local procedure. Photograph and draw in the site before the…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…Figure 1. Orientation using the index marker. Image quality Various methods for optimizing image quality have been discussed earlier (refer to Optimization of the ultrasound…

Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and Revascularization Decisions

…Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR) & Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR) CFR: ratio of hyperemic to resting coronary flow/velocity (Doppler or thermodilution wire) — reflects combined epicardial…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…with oxymetazoline 0.5 % on pledgets. Mineral oil or lidocaine to kill an insect in the ear canal. A 30–60 mL syringe with a…

🟠 BMI and Body Surface Area (BSA) calculator

…BMI categories as follows: Underweight : Less than 18.5 Normal weight : 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight : 25 to 29.9 Obese : 30 and above…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…ultrasound travels through tissue that behaves as a lens which causes significant refraction, directing the ultrasound to an area interrogated simultaneously by other sound waves…

The ultrasound transducer

…waves are sent out in pulses. Each pulse consists of a few sound waves emitted in 1 to 2 milliseconds. These sound waves travel through…

Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography

…ultrasound lines to create a 90° wide and 15 cm deep image requires approximately 40 milliseconds (ms). Increasing the number of ultrasound lines or image…

Edrophonium test

…in millimetres, the time to diplopia on upward gaze, or the number of seconds the patient can hold the head lifted off the couch. Filming…

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