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Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…the pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting and secretions. Suction and give oxygen as needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…pursued. Patients receiving digoxin may present with symptoms of digitalis toxicity, which manifests across multiple organ systems. Non cardiac symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, generalized…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…or gastroenteritis at home Double or triple the oral daily dose during the days of illness (the patient's sick day rules) Vomiting or diarrhoea…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…nausea and vomiting 8 to 24 hours Alcoholic hallucinosis, often visual, auditory or tactile hallucinations with a relatively clear level of consciousness and preserved orientation…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…preparation) or 2 hours (tablets). With very large quantities of an extremely toxic preparation, lavage can be discussed later. Lavage must never be performed routinely…

Urinary catheterisation

…contrast studies of the urinary tract. Wound healing with a sacral pressure sore or extensive perineal wounds where urinary leakage prevents healing. Voiding problems in…

Liver parameters

…The tests that reflect the synthetic function of the liver are the prothrombin time (INR) , the albumin and the bilirubin — and they become abnormal late…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…of myocardial infarction (MI) has evolved significantly over the past century. Initial post mortem observations in the late 19th century first linked thrombotic occlusion of…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…is usually transient. Late post acute myocardial infarction pericarditis , traditionally termed Dressler syndrome , which is a manifestation of post cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS). PCIS is…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…haemoglobin falls late in acute haemorrhage and a normal value does not exclude significant blood loss. Massive haemorrhage meeting the criteria for activation of the…

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