Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

…and at the same time indicates a substantially increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Indications Intermittent claudication, rest pain in the foot or leg…

…Definition and pathophysiological context Non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is considered within the spectrum of non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS)…

…sarcolemma. These changes may appear within 10–15 minutes of ischaemia. Mitochondrial abnormalities can occur even earlier after coronary occlusion and progress over time. Experimentally…

…medicine Definition and pathophysiology Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a clinical disorder caused by stenosis or occlusion of the aorta or arteries supplying the limbs…

…Consequently, the absence of AF during intermittent monitoring is not sufficient evidence that thromboembolic risk is low. In the setting of acute coronary syndrome, AF…

…Medullar lesion. Increased intracranial pressure. General hypoxia. Autonomic nervous system Neurocardiogenic syncope. Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity. Electrolyte disturbances Hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia. Hypercalcemia. Benign causes Well trained athletes…

…to AV Blocks). Second degree AV block is defined by the intermittent failure of atrial impulses to conduct to the ventricles, resulting in some P…

…healing. Voiding problems in neurogenic bladder dysfunction, in the first instance with clean intermittent self catheterisation rather than an indwelling catheter. A catheter is not…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Critical care Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Bradycardia and conduction disorders arise from dysfunction within the sinus node, the atrioventricular node (AVN…

…not visible, suggesting that the atria are not depolarized. Figure 4. Intermittent failure to capture. Figure 5. Failure to capture during the refractory period. Figure…

…breathing, circulation, disability, exposure (ABCDE) approach is applicable in bradycardia (Figure 1). Cardiac output and blood pressure, rather than ECG, are the strongest predictors of…

…to adequately increase its automaticity during physical activity). Sinus arrest & sinus pause (intermittent failures to discharge impulses). Sinoatrial block (delayed or blocked impulse conduction between…

…and typical ST segment elevations in V1–V3 (see below). The characteristic ECG changes may be intermittent, which is why the diagnosis may be missed…

…pathway. In most individuals with accessory pathways, the conduction over the pathway is intermittent, meaning that pre excitation may not be seen at all times…

…Causes of sinoatrial (SA) block The following conditions cause sinoatrial block: Sinus node dysfunction (SND) Perimyocarditis Acute myocardial infarction (or ischemia) Drug side effects (procainamide…

…skin , perpendicular to the surface. 6. Spray intermittently until the ice front reaches the planned margin around the lesion. Start timing at that point. 7…

…in lead II. Common findings Sinus rhythm (which is the normal rhythm) has the following characteristics: (1) heart rate 50–100 beats per minute; (2…

…is 1–2 weeks after AMI, although descriptions of the syndrome include a broader interval of approximately 1–8 weeks. The pathogenesis is presumed to…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation A systematic approach to ECG interpretation: an efficient and safe method The ECG must always be interpreted systematically. Failure to…