…be underestimated. Offer a chaperone according to local procedure; this is recommended for all examinations of the breasts, the genitalia and the rectum. Ask about…

…obtained during the examination. Measurement techniques Measuring dimensions Chamber dimensions constitute key parameters of most echocardiographic examinations. For example, left ventricular size, measured as its…

…a dissecting haematoma may precede rupture. The tear commonly develops at the interface between infarcted and viable myocardium. The incidence has fallen substantially with contemporary…

…tissue and fluid movements. All structures in a medium can reflect ultrasound waves. However, the greatest reflections occur in the interfaces between two media. Hence…

…of survival is only as strong as its weakest link, which means that all components of the chain must function and interact flawlessly to maximize…

…CKD). These agents interfere with the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II…

…for glucose when the diagnosis is based on HbA1c. Albumin affects the total calcium — use the ionised calcium or correct for albumin. Biotin supplements interfere…

…large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal saline to flush all lumens, suture material or a securement device, transparent dressing…

…L3–L4 or L4–L5 interspace; in adults the spinal cord ends at T12–L1, so these levels encounter only the roots of the cauda…

…nerve stimulators, and other electronic equipment may also interfere with device function. The clinical consequences depend on the device, the patient's dependence on pacing…

…mechanisms may coexist, diagnosis and classification must integrate haemodynamics with the patient’s clinical context and the results of all relevant investigations. Haemodynamic definition At…

…obstruction of an epicardial coronary artery. A vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and thrombogenic blood interact to initiate and extend thrombosis. Plaque vulnerability is influenced by inflammation…

…It is clear that only a negligible fraction of all episodes of myocardial ischemia result in cardiac arrest. In order for an infarction or ischemic…

…1 B). Such ST segment elevations are extremely common in all populations. They occur in young, old, healthy and diseased individuals. For example, roughly 90…

…cell recruitment, extracellular matrix remodelling, and thrombosis interact to produce focal arterial lesions. Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is…