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Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

CPR Hypoxia and asphyxiation Hypoxia refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…months 15 30 Dabigatran contraindicated. The other DOACs are possible according to FASS, but the documentation is insufficient; check more frequently. Warfarin is often preferable…

Arterial line

…Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand. Vascular disease in the limb: marked peripheral arterial disease, Raynaud…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…involvement. Work up of unexplained iron, B12 or folate deficiency when blood tests are insufficient. Contraindications Severe coagulopathy or ongoing anticoagulation — correct this first . Thrombocytopenia…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…unloads the heart, whereas bilevel NIV delivers pressure support above the expiratory pressure and thereby increases ventilation and lowers the carbon dioxide. Pulmonary oedema calls…

Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest

…in patients who remain unconscious. The evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against active cooling to 32–36 °C. The HYPERION result means that…

🟠 ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Bleeding Risk Score

…reduced hemoglobin/hematocrit, bleeding history, insufficient kidney function, and treatment with antiplatelet agents. Research indicates that the ORBIT score may offer better discrimination and calibration…

🟠 Lipid lowering therapy after ACS

…C ≥ 1.4 mmol/L (55 mg/dL): • Add ezetimibe (if not already added earlier). • Add a PCSK9 inhibitor (if statin + ezetimibe combination is insufficient).

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…disease (CAD). Assessing the haemodynamic significance of lesions whose angiographic severity is uncertain. Supporting decisions regarding revascularization and, in selected patients, identifying microvascular or vasomotor…

Aortic regurgitation

…edema develops due to rising LAP and LVEDP. Cardiogenic shock develops if the cardiac output is insufficient. Aortic regurgitation may cause myocardial ischemia because cardiac…

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