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Endotracheal intubation

…Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury, anaphylaxis…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and myocardial injury. This classification is central to determining the intensity of monitoring, supportive treatment, anticoagulation…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…zone. Coronary Occlusion and Myocardial Injury STEMI generally results from abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…Gufoni manoeuvre for treatment. Contraindications Absolute: Unstable cervical spine injury, recent cervical spine surgery, atlantoaxial instability, severe rheumatoid arthritis of the neck. Symptomatic carotid stenosis…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…effect varies tenfold between individuals, and the only way to find the right level is to give a small dose, wait until it has worked…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…impaired renal venous outflow and persistent right sided congestion may be important mechanisms. Diuretics relieve the hemodynamic consequences of congestion by producing a negative sodium…

Traumatic cardiac arrest

…commotio cordis, contusio cordis implies actual structural injury to the tissues. Manifestations of contusio cordis include: Arrhythmias : Ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias (bradyarrhythmia or tachyarrhythmia). Atrial…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…In patients with pericarditis complicated by constriction, symptoms and signs of right sided heart failure may predominate. Pericardial effusions associated with post infarction pericarditis are…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…injection is placed too high — which causes the shoulder injury known as SIRVA. Both are avoided with the right landmark and the right needle length…

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without ST elevations on 12-lead ECG

…that posterolateral and right ventricular infarction may occur simultaneously (if both territories are affected by the same artery occlusion). Approximately 30% of patients with posterolateral…

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