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Reduction of dislocations

…determine afterwards whether a nerve injury was caused by the injury or by the treatment. Indications A clinically or radiologically confirmed dislocation of the shoulder…

Wound suturing

…been assessed for tendon and nerve injury will heal badly however neatly the suture is placed. The commonest cause of wound infection is retained contamination…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements to exceed available blood flow. The resulting ischaemia threatens skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…with a high BMI, and that the deltoid injection is placed too high — which causes the shoulder injury known as SIRVA. Both are avoided with…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

Njurmedicin Lathundar Acute management on call Acute kidney injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…laboratory medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Myocardial infarction (MI) is a clinical diagnosis that integrates myocardial injury, evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…a peripheral artery to the aortic root and coronary ostia. It remains the reference standard for defining the extent of coronary artery disease because it…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury…

Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…ischaemic ECG changes. The distinction between myocardial injury and type 2 infarction is particularly important. Type 2 infarction requires clinical evidence of ischaemia; an elevated…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…objective is restoration of blood flow to the infarct related myocardial territory and limitation of infarct size. The extent of myocardial injury is strongly influenced…

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