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Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

… gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before inserting the needle — alcohol carried…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…aorta. Type III: originates in the descending aorta, usually just distal to the left subclavian artery. Type IIIa: remains confined to the descending thoracic aorta…

Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…on the vascular territory involved and may include systemic arterial embolic manifestations. The source material does not provide a detailed catalogue of specific embolic syndromes…

Wound suturing

…been assessed for tendon and nerve injury will heal badly however neatly the suture is placed. The commonest cause of wound infection is retained contamination…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…and Pathophysiology Posterior myocardial infarction is myocardial necrosis involving the posterior region of the left ventricle, usually as part of an inferoposterior or posterolateral infarction…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…zone. Coronary Occlusion and Myocardial Injury STEMI generally results from abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…the full range of left ventricular ejection fraction and may result from systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, or both. The clinical consequences of extracellular volume expansion…

Posterior acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)

…The heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…Gufoni manoeuvre for treatment. Contraindications Absolute: Unstable cervical spine injury, recent cervical spine surgery, atlantoaxial instability, severe rheumatoid arthritis of the neck. Symptomatic carotid stenosis…

Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Clinical Significance

…hypertension together promote left ventricular hypertrophy and kidney injury. The syndrome is therefore both a clinical risk factor cluster and a marker of broader metabolic…

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