…of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and of vascular injury; always an orthopaedic surgeon, and usually general anaesthesia. An open dislocation. Inadequate analgesia or…

…been identified as important risk factors. Severe atherosclerosis of the axillary or subclavian arteries may increase the risk of embolization. Risk assessment should be individualized…

…5th intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. Thoracostomy This method is generally deemed safer than using a needle due to reduced risk of injury…

…an arteriovenous fistula, previous axillary clearance or lymphoedema. A limb with paresis or marked swelling. A vein suspected of thrombosis or previously thrombophlebitic. Intraosseous access…

…needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative: Lymphoedema or previous axillary clearance on the same…

…output can change before creatinine but is not a pure marker of filtration. Oliguria may be due to hypovolaemia, shock, obstruction or advanced renal injury…

…myocardial injury , demonstrated by a rise and/or fall in cTn with at least one value above the 99th percentile URL; and Clinical evidence of…

…which involves the arch without involvement of the ascending aorta or represents retrograde extension from the descending aorta into the arch that stops before reaching…

…be obtained or become abnormal, in the presence of symptoms suggestive of ischaemia and presumed new ischaemic ECG changes. The distinction between myocardial injury and…

…reperfusion injury are complementary objectives of initial STEMI management. The principal acute complications fall into two broad categories: Electrical complications , particularly ventricular arrhythmias. Mechanical or…