…intake Insulin pump The patient manages the pump themselves where possible. In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or…

…evening. See the quick reference on inpatient insulin therapy Peptic ulcer A proton pump inhibitor with concomitant NSAID use or a history of ulcer, not…

…20–60 min Central access for a longer infusion Metoprolol 5 mg IV, repeated to a maximum of 15 mg 0.1 mg/kg slowly…

…The varying inclusion criteria in these registries explain the marked differences in characteristics and outcomes across the data sources for out of hospital cardiac arrest…

…and preferably confirmation by home measurement or 24 hour recording — the thresholds for which are lower than for office measurement. Classification of office blood pressure…

…Delirium is common but often missed. On medical and geriatric wards a substantial proportion of older patients are affected, and the incidence is particularly high…

…oscillometric device. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM): automated measurement, usually over 24 hours, at predefined intervals. Inter arm difference: a sequential systolic difference of 10…

…maximally tolerated doses. The apparently uncontrolled office blood pressure must be confirmed using home blood pressure monitoring or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Other guideline formulations…

…Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas…

…has a protective function, and the commonest complication of ear syringing is that someone syringes an ear that did not need syringing. The second commonest…

…education, and guideline directed medical therapy are integrated. Rationale and Pathophysiological Basis Survivors of STEMI remain at substantial risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Long term…

…below shows another example of early repolarization. Readers interested in ST segment elevation differential diagnoses may read our own article. Take home message: Inspect the…

…Take home message: in the setting of acute coronary syndromes, be quick to administer antithrombotic medications and reperfusion. Refer to G Heusch's excellent review…

…are based on conventional 12 lead ECG. Established ECG criteria do not apply to mathematicallyderived 12 lead ECGs (e.g EASI, Frank's leads etc)…

…1–2 g × 3 IV 8 days including oral step down Hospital acquired pneumonia, severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with…

…the old hole. Infection or burns over the puncture site. Osteogenesis imperfecta and severe osteoporosis (relative). An inability to identify the landmarks. Choice of vein…

…significant majority of these patients exhibit satisfactory neurological function upon discharge. Figure 1 . Expected cardiopulmonary function and alertness in decreasing body temperature according to HOPE …