…heart disease or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Sustained VT: Defined as VT lasting longer than 30 seconds or requiring termination earlier due to…

…ischaemic symptoms despite the exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options. It is defined by symptoms lasting more than 3 months and attributable to established reversible myocardial…

…affects 2% of the population and leads to gradual prolapse of the valve leaflets (Figure 1). Rheumatic heart disease is the leading cause of mitral…

…during airway management , and both are predictable. Indications Inability to protect the airway: reduced level of consciousness, loss of pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting with a risk…

…of diastole, but it becomes incomplete because the ventricles cannot expand normally. This leads to diastolic heart failure. The systolic function is usually unaffected, but…

…Due to a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of halogenated anesthetic agents. As an idiosyncratic response to…

…the symptoms that should make them seek help immediately. Indications An undisplaced or reduced fracture to be treated conservatively. Immobilisation after reduction of a dislocation…

…cardiovascular disease, an exercise test may provide objective information on peak exercise capacity and the heart rate, blood pressure and symptom responses to exertion. These…

…with prolonged periods of no blood flow, due to the reduced metabolic rate that accompanies declining body temperature. For every 1°C reduction in body temperature…

Info Heart rate (bpm) = 60000 / cycle length Cycle length (ms) = 60000 / heart rate Heart rate (BPM) Cycle length (ms) Heart rate (BPM) Cycle…