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Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…HELLP syndrome—haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes or transaminases, and thrombocytopenia—is generally regarded as a severe preeclamptic phenotype or variant. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of…

Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…its complications—shock, reinfarction, myocardial rupture, and ventricular tachyarrhythmia—rather than embolization itself. A thrombus may be: Mural: flattened, fixed, and closely adherent to the…

🟠 Adjusted aortic root dimension

…root morphology. Age stratified formulas help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…achieve the LDL C goal with statin therapy alone, initiation of high intensity statin plus ezetimibe during hospitalization should be considered. Chronic coronary syndrome For…

Casting and immobilisation

…closed circumferential cast , and the patient must leave with clear information about the symptoms that should make them seek help immediately. Indications An undisplaced or…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…examination directed toward both alternative diagnoses and high risk features of acute coronary syndrome. The physical examination should include: Assessment of all major peripheral pulses…

Endotracheal intubation

…ankylosing spondylitis MACOCHA is validated for the intensive care patient and totals 12 points: Mallampati III–IV (5 points), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (2 points)…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…or exertional limitation to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure or cardiogenic shock. In chronic coronary disease, the principal symptomatic indication for revascularization…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…No defined threshold The patient has cognitive or physical impairment and needs help from another person Level 3 can occur even when the glucose has…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…uncertain and the evidence for non traumatic bleeding is weaker [2,3,4]. Do the following immediately: 1. Call for help using the words massive…

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