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Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…when the arm is flexed. The dorsum of the hand is suitable for finer cannulae. Avoid the lower limb in adults. In shock with collapsed…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…the communication and the simultaneous delivery of red cells, plasma and platelets. Observational data from trauma suggest a lower overall mortality after such protocols are…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…is given. The serious incidents almost always arise when the principle of titration is abandoned — when a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…ISR remains the most frequent cause of PCI failure, despite its substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…Procedure Step 1 — compression Have the patient blow out the clot. The pinch is applied to the lower third of the nose, the soft part …

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…3. Ocular movements in all directions; pain on upward gaze may suggest an orbital floor fracture. 4. Topical anaesthesia into the lower fornix. 5. Evert…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…treat (NNT) for the ACLS specific interventions is much higher or uncertain, meaning that the efficacy of these interventions is much lower or uncertain. Indeed…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…revascularization, while avoiding unnecessary procedural complications and bleeding in those at lower risk or in whom the hazards of revascularization outweigh its potential benefit. A…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…objectives of initial STEMI management. The principal acute complications fall into two broad categories: Electrical complications , particularly ventricular arrhythmias. Mechanical or pump failure complications , including…

Left Bundle Branch Block: ECG criteria and clinical implications

…LBBB) Electrocardiographic Criteria and Characteristics Left bundle branch block is characterized by a significant reorganization of the activation and recovery patterns within the left ventricle…

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