Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

…of free fluid depth with no bowel in the path of the needle and measure the skin to peritoneum distance. 2. Mark the site. Sterile…

Overview of diagnosis, classification and management of heart failure

…most common cause of failure to capture is insufficient stimulus energy. Modern pacemakers have built in functions to calibrate the stimulus amplitude and width according…

…incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the incidence of heart failure…

…incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the incidence of heart failure…

…under guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT). These patients must be managed as having HFrEF, as their underlying pathophysiology, trajectory, and risk of relapse upon GDMT…

…important when interpreting a current LVEF of 41–49%. Diagnostic phenotype Criterion HFmrEF Symptoms and/or signs of heart failure Required LVEF 41–49% Natriuretic…

…Universal Definition of Heart Failure, endorsed by major global cardiovascular societies, defines HF as a clinical syndrome corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or…