…is confirmed by a typical rise and/or fall of high sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs cTn), with at least one value above the 99th percentile…

…effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood flow and…

…duration of exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. Primary prevention Primary prevention targets people without clinical CVD who nevertheless have established risk factors or an elevated…

…pelvic pain, dyspareunia. Cervical cancer screening according to the national programme. Checking an intrauterine device or a pessary. Assessment of prolapse. Sampling for a suspected…

…underlying secondary cause. Evaluation and physical examination Standardized office measurement Accurate technique is essential because inconsistent or incorrect measurement may lead to misclassification. Blood pressure…

…with the poison control centre and with anaesthesia or intensive care. If intubation is necessary, a high minute ventilation and careful control of the pH…

…or 1.5 fluid ounces of 40% distilled spirits. Habitual heavy consumption is defined in the source material as at least eight drinks weekly in…

…conceptual framework Acute coronary occlusion is the abrupt or progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and, when prolonged or severe…

…suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due to aspiration risks and inconclusive evidence. However, in cases of iron, lithium, or potassium intoxication…

…flushing or angio oedema, together with at least one of the following: airway compromise respiratory compromise circulatory compromise severe gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly after exposure to…

…groups: current or former smokers over 40 with respiratory symptoms, and occupational exposure to dust, gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal…

…mg once daily. Rationale: Patients in this age group have higher bleeding risk and increased exposure to the active metabolite of prasugrel. Patients weighing <…

…in exposure to risk, access to care, clinical assessment and treatment. These influences are particularly important because women have historically been perceived as being at…

…absolute reduction may be clinically important in individuals at high or very high risk. Prolonged exposure to lower LDL C concentrations is associated with lower…

…min) at least 96 hours should have elapsed since the last dose before an invasive procedure. Exact intervals according to the local protocol or the…

…fibrillation. Bradycardia in atrial fibrillation (bradycardia–tachycardia syndrome) Individuals with sick sinus syndrome (sinus node dysfunction) are at high risk of developing atrial fibrillation, and…

…Ticagrelor 90 mg or treatment with another adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitor for patients who had coronary syndrome and are at high risk of developing…

…The lifelong exposure to high LDL C is central to the disease burden. In untreated HeFH, CAD commonly develops during the third or fourth decade…

…exposures are associated with continued or resumed smoking after the acute event and warrant particular attention. Cardiovascular benefits of cessation The principal benefits relevant to…

…smoking exposure, and physical inactivity. The interaction between these acquired risks and age related cardiovascular remodeling contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of coronary…

…chest or epigastrium, may radiate to the arms, and less often to the abdomen, back, lower jaw, neck, or occipital region. It typically occurs at…

…transient atrioventricular block, asystole, or ventricular tachycardia. Prolonged spasm can cause acute myocardial infarction, including myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Ventricular fibrillation…

…Sestamibi or Tetrofosmin): With a six hour half life allowing high doses for better image quality. this tracer diffuses passively into cardiomyocytes, binding to mitochondria…

…state. Patients may remain stable for prolonged periods, but chronic coronary disease can progress or destabilize abruptly, leading to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Clinical…

…medication or an exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the…

…Up to 5 to 7 days, sometimes longer Persisting withdrawal, particularly after previous severe episodes, with concurrent physical illness or after prolonged very high intake…

…hypotension or hypoperfusion, usually 500 mL as a rapid bolus, and a smaller bolus where the risk of fluid overload is high 0 to 30…

…is particularly relevant when the decision to initiate or intensify preventive therapy is uncertain. Prevention guidelines support its use in selected individuals at intermediate risk…

…is normal or inconclusive. The principal diagnostic strength of CCTA is its ability to exclude significant anatomical CAD with high sensitivity and a high negative…

…Severe hypertension may result from phaeochromocytoma, monoamine oxidase inhibitor crisis, cocaine intoxication, or other sympathomimetic exposure, including methamphetamine. Abrupt withdrawal of antihypertensive medication, particularly clonidine…

…The early postpartum period, when marked hormonal changes occur. Hypertension and oestrogen exposure. Emotional or chronic mental stress. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), which may produce arterial…

…rates similar to those with placebo, whereas approximately 10% of patients in registries and routine clinical practice report muscle symptoms. This discrepancy reflects, at least…

…weeks. The pathogenesis is presumed to be immune mediated. Pericardial injury, necrosis, bleeding, or pleural incision may expose cardiac antigens and initiate an inflammatory response…

…1. Expose the whole shoulder; rolling up a sleeve creates a constriction that distorts the anatomy and tempts the operator to inject too high. 2…