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Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…error A capillary glucose is sufficient to start emergency treatment, but abnormal or unexpected values should be confirmed with a laboratory analysed plasma glucose when…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…for dialysis ECG changes or serious neuromuscular symptoms mean a high risk even if the plasma potassium is below 6.5 mmol/L. Conversely, patients…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…investigation and drug treatment must proceed simultaneously. Do not wait for laboratory results, CT or EEG before the first dose of benzodiazepine is given. Airway…

Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…clinical setting. Values obtained in the emergency department for acute dyspnoea should not be transferred directly to patients with less acute outpatient symptoms. Natriuretic peptides…

Care after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

…arrest (OHCA) who achieve ROSC in the emergency room (ER) are transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), coronary care unit (CCU), or catheterization laboratory…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…when encountering a patient with chest pain the primary task is to exclude or verify the following potentially life threatening causes of chest pain: Ischemic…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…patients with inferior myocardial infarction, consider connecting V3R and V4R to detect concomitant right ventricular infarction. IIa B Routine blood sampling for serum markers is…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…or intravenous treatment. Some patients with acute pain, anxiety, or distress have transient BP elevation that improves when the precipitating state resolves. The distinction is…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…reference This is a practical quick reference for emergency physicians in suspected acute ischaemic stroke. It covers time windows, indications and contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis…

🟠 Esmolol

Esmolol Drug Esmolol Brand names Brevibloc ® Indications Short term control of ventricular rate (including perioperative tachycardia) and hypertension (including hypertensive emergency, perioperative hypertension). Mechanism…

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