…over 40 years of age, atherosclerosis is the predominant cause. Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial entrapment, cystic adventitial disease and trauma…

…arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements to exceed available blood flow. The resulting ischaemia threatens skeletal muscle and…

…include: Plaque rupture or plaque erosion with thrombosis, despite the absence of an angiographically obstructive lesion Coronary embolism or thrombus Epicardial coronary vasospasm Coronary microvascular…

…out of the stent, stent diameter less than 3 mm, long stent length Large thrombotic burdens increase procedural risk because thrombus can fragment, embolize to…

…evidence of peripheral embolism, or an unexplained drop in arterial pressure. Silent or unrecognized infarction occurs more often in patients without antecedent angina and in…

…on the vascular territory involved and may include systemic arterial embolic manifestations. The source material does not provide a detailed catalogue of specific embolic syndromes…

…red thrombus. The size and persistence of the thrombus depend not only on plaque composition but also on circulating thrombotic and fibrinolytic factors. Plaque erosion…

…thrombolysis Intermediate–low Stable One of the two positive Admission Low Stable No Normal Anticoagulation. Outpatient management may be considered The sPESI (simplified Pulmonary Embolism…

…failure Acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or deep vein thrombosis Acute myocarditis or pericarditis Acute aortic dissection Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate testing…

…disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque through rupture or erosion. The relative contributions of plaque disease and thrombus vary considerably. Thrombotic material may embolize distally and…

…hypercoagulability, and pregnancy are common risk factors (see Risk factors below). A significant proportion of cases with pulmonary embolism require thrombolysis to dissolve the occlusion…

…coronary embolism, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection with or without intramural haematoma. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is defined as spontaneous dissection of the coronary artery…

…management of atrial fibrillation. Internetmedicin, DOACs, measures in bleeding and medical procedures. Svenska Sällskapet för Trombos och Hemostas (SSTH, the Swedish Society for Thrombosis and…

…Decompensated heart failure – due to the risk of circulatory collapse and arrhythmias Pulmonary embolism in acute phase – due to risk of aggravation of the condition…

…infarction as the final diagnosis. The underlying process usually involves acute thrombotic obstruction of an epicardial coronary artery. A vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and thrombogenic blood…

…heart failure. Acute pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis. Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely. Relative…

…a rise and/or fall in cardiac troponin with at least one value above the 99th percentile upper reference limit; and Clinical evidence of acute…

…atheromatous and thrombotic material. Plaque or thrombus may be dislodged by: Balloon inflation Atherectomy Stent implantation Manipulation of friable SVG lesions Embolic debris obstructs the…

…Recognition of this syndrome is critical because it may precede haemodynamic collapse. Clinical risk scores Validated clinical tools, including the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI…

…is to scrutinize potential cardiac sources of emboli and to evaluate the carotid and cerebral arteries. Ultrasound may reveal atherosclerotic plaques, thrombi, occlusions, and dissections…

…assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or major non cardiac surgery. The vascular…

…capable of obstructing coronary arteries include embolism, dissection, coronary arteritis associated with systemic vasculitis, extrinsic compression, myocardial bridging and radiation induced coronary disease. The distinction…

…lives therefore differ substantially: approximately 20 minutes for BNP and 90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations of the two peptides are not interchangeable…

…and asystole can all occur in one patient. The typical depiction of sudden cardiac death as a gradual transition from sinus rhythm to ventricular tachycardia…

…into the left ventricle (i.e. septal bulging ). Bedside echocardiography allows for immediate recognition of tamponade. Typically, acute tamponade arises from aortic dissection, and survival…

…in the left atrial appendage . Such thrombi may leave the appendage and enter the systemic circulation which causes thromboembolic occlusions of arteries in the brain…

…presumably more common than previously thought and the condition may hamper the quality of life substantially. The management of sinus tachycardia is aimed at finding…

…and the suitability of the proposed anticoagulant dose. Whether concomitant antiplatelet therapy is genuinely indicated. The strongest established predictors of ischaemic stroke and systemic embolism…

…and a profound driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, primarily due to its association with ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. The contemporary understanding of…

…integrated with the clinical history, ECG, and subsequent investigations. The emergency differential also reflects distinct mechanisms of acute cardiopulmonary disease: Pulmonary embolism and spontaneous pneumothorax…

…the same lead). This is due to the swinging back and forth of the heart in the pericardial space. Note that tachycardia, pulmonary embolism and…

…dissection Pneumothorax Pulmonary embolism Mediastinitis (rare condition) In addition to these five conditions, there are numerous other causes of chest pain, but the other causes…

…g. pulmonary embolism) or in case of long no flow or low flow periods. Under such circumstances, the efficacy of compressions and defibrillation diminishes considerably…

…Pulmonary embolism, until anticoagulated and stable An individual assessment Eye, ear, abdominal or thoracic surgery 1 month Neurosurgery or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible…

…embolism, pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be actively considered [1]. Do the following early: 1. Assess airway, work of breathing, level of consciousness and…

…sum of all active electrical wavefronts at any given point in time, approximated as a single heart vector [3]. The orientation and intensity of this…

…Among the causes are pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, septum defects, etc. Right ventricular load is thus an issue that is raised both in outpatient and…

…right axis deviation (RAD) and left axis deviation (LAD) Causes of right axis deviation Normal in newborns. Right ventricular hypertrophy. Acute cor pulmonale (pulmonary embolism)…

…caused by cardiovascular conditions and events are highly stochastic events. This is due to the fact that the vast majority of these arrests are caused…

…While dyspnea is the cardinal symptom, chest pain can be present [5]. Distinguishing Features: Pleuritic pain suggests pulmonary infarction, and a history of pain exacerbation…

…right axis deviation (RAD) and left axis deviation (LAD) Causes of right axis deviation Normal in newborns. Right ventricular hypertrophy. Acute cor pulmonale (pulmonary embolism)…

…and most often exhibit multiple villi . These myxomas are more likely to embolize (Cardiac Thromboembolism). There are genetic syndromes that result in the emergence of…