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Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…over 40 years of age, atherosclerosis is the predominant cause. Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial entrapment, cystic adventitial disease and trauma…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements to exceed available blood flow. The resulting ischaemia threatens skeletal muscle and…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…include: Plaque rupture or plaque erosion with thrombosis, despite the absence of an angiographically obstructive lesion Coronary embolism or thrombus Epicardial coronary vasospasm Coronary microvascular…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…out of the stent, stent diameter less than 3 mm, long stent length Large thrombotic burdens increase procedural risk because thrombus can fragment, embolize to…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…evidence of peripheral embolism, or an unexplained drop in arterial pressure. Silent or unrecognized infarction occurs more often in patients without antecedent angina and in…

Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…on the vascular territory involved and may include systemic arterial embolic manifestations. The source material does not provide a detailed catalogue of specific embolic syndromes…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…red thrombus. The size and persistence of the thrombus depend not only on plaque composition but also on circulating thrombotic and fibrinolytic factors. Plaque erosion…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…thrombolysis Intermediate–low Stable One of the two positive Admission Low Stable No Normal Anticoagulation. Outpatient management may be considered The sPESI (simplified Pulmonary Embolism…

Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…failure Acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or deep vein thrombosis Acute myocarditis or pericarditis Acute aortic dissection Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate testing…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque through rupture or erosion. The relative contributions of plaque disease and thrombus vary considerably. Thrombotic material may embolize distally and…

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