Echocardiography The Doppler effect When sound waves hit objects some of the sound waves are reflected back to the sound source. If the reflector (i…

…afterwards whether a nerve injury was caused by the injury or by the treatment. Indications A clinically or radiologically confirmed dislocation of the shoulder, elbow…

…node, a phenomenon known as the bathmotropic effect . In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation increases resistance within the AV node, further slowing the transmission of impulses. Intense…

…tracer uptake plateaus. This saturation effect can lead to an underestimation of blood flow in regions affected by significant coronary artery disease, potentially resulting in…

…ventilation–perfusion matching, increased physiological dead space and the Haldane effect. It is therefore misleading to explain the whole phenomenon as abolition of the patie

…by beta blockers. Dobutamine β 1 agonist Infusion of 3−10 μg/kg/min. T½ 2 min Effective if inotropic effect is required. Theophylline …

…effect. AV system (AV node, His bundle, Purkinje system) Preexisting AV block, bundle branch block or fascicular block may become worse. Particularly, the degree of…

…The Doppler effect. The Doppler shift The Doppler shift depends on the velocity of blood flow (v), the frequency of the emitted ultrasound (f e…

…before revascularisation. Evaluation of treatment effect in stable angina. Exercise induced arrhythmia or exercise induced syncope. Assessment of chronotropic function and pacemaker settings. Preoperative functional…

Procedurer Three of the commonest minor procedures in general practice concern the nails, and all three rest on the same foundation: an effective digital block…