…upper back, and abdomen, as well as dyspnea and nausea (anginal equivalents) [7]. Clinicians must consider both cardiac and non cardiac etiologies [1]. Cardiac Causes…

…arrhythmia is characterized by its abrupt onset and termination and typically presents with symptoms associated with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, including palpitations, dyspnea, chest discomfort, and anxiety…

…to chest discomfort or other symptoms that may be caused by myocardial ischemia. Other symptoms include dyspnea, pain radiating to the left arm/shoulder/throat…

…Ebo et al ). Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis Nervousness, anxiety. Dermatological: Pruritus Urticaria Respiratory: Dyspnea Bronchospasm, stridor, wheezing Hypoxia Life threatening edema involving the lips, tongue…

…to diagnose myocardial ischemia and infarction. Symptoms – Patients with acute myocardial infarction may present with typical ischemic chest pain, or with dyspnea, nausea, unexplained weakness…

…although some cases are asymptomatic. Symptomatic patients typically experience fatigue, dizziness, dyspnea, presyncope/syncope, or diminished exercise tolerance. Whenever such symptoms are associated with ECG…

…ECG changes in takotsubo cardiomyopathy The typical patient presents with severe chest pain, dyspnea and occasionally hemodynamic compromise. The ECG shows localized ST segment elevations…

…Differentiating Pathologies : Helps differentiate cardiac vs. non cardiac causes of symptoms like dyspnea or failure to thrive. Limitations and Considerations Technical Challenges : Poor acoustic windows…

…with asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dyspnea has been reported in patients treated with ticagrelor. Patients with a history of ischemic stroke can be…

…Clinical presentation and symptoms Symptoms of congestion Dyspnea is the dominant presenting symptom in acute decompensated heart failure and occurs in more than 90% of…

…with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, low cardiac output, and dyspnea at rest that persists despite administration of diuretics and vasodilators. Clinically, these patients exhibit hypotension…

…In adults with clinical suspicion of pulmonary hypertension (PH), such as unexplained dyspnea on exertion, RAD demonstrates a high predictive value for the condition [9…

…Anxiety Chestpain. Palpitations. Headache Hypotension. Facial flushing. Sweating. Bronchospasm Dyspnea Nausea Metallic taste Tightness in throat Lightheadedness, dizziness, tingling in arms, numbness, blurred vision, burning…

…is too often discovered first at hospital admission due to its complications (stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure, dyspnea). Most individuals, however, do experience symptoms and th

…sudden cardiac death (15%), atypical chest pain (30%) and dyspnea (10%). The major ECG findings in ARVC are T wave inversion in V1–V3 (in…

…less pronounced on the treadmill. Leg fatigue is, as compared with chest pain and dyspnea, a poor predictor of cardiovascular and all cause mortality. However…

…Yet, the pain caused by NSTEMI and unstable angina is considerable and most patients are therefore markedly affected. Other symptoms – such as dyspnea, cold sweat…

…Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the…

…shoulders, neck, jaw, upper back, abdomen, or epigastrium. Dyspnoea, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, fatigue, faintness, and other symptoms may occur without chest pain and should be…

…symptoms are absent [1,4]. Typical warning symptoms are: hoarseness, stridor, swelling of the tongue or throat dyspnoea, hypoxia, bronchospasm or severe cough hypotension, collapse…

…cardiogenic pulmonary oedema with hypoxaemia and marked work of breathing — the strongest indication, with a rapid effect on dyspnoea and oxygenation. Atelectasis and postoperative hypoxaemia…

…complicated parapneumonic effusion. Suspected malignancy, tuberculous pleurisy or chylothorax. Therapeutic aspiration: dyspnoea caused by a pleural effusion, whatever the aetiology. Chest drainage: empyema, complicated parapneumonic…

…would not be prepared to show a colleague. Indications Investigation of chronic cough, dyspnoea, wheeze or reduced exercise capacity. Suspected asthma or COPD — diagnosis and…

…In DHF, ventricular rate may decrease as dyspnoea improves and sympathetic activation subsides, making it difficult to determine whether AF initiated the deterioration or resulted…

…is variable. Patients may have: Stable angina or an anginal equivalent Exertional dyspnoea or reduced exercise tolerance Acute coronary syndrome Silent ischaemia Heart failure, particularly…

…although dyspnoea may also be a presenting feature. The source material emphasizes that patients and families should be educated to recognize chest discomfort or dyspnoea…

…hour protocol NT proBNP < 125 ng/L (< 300 in acute dyspnoea) A normal value effectively excludes heart failure D dimer < 0.5…

…neurological signs, seizures, severe or sudden headache. Chest pain, back pain, dyspnoea, orthopnoea and new sweating. Oliguria, dark urine or rapidly developing swelling. Pregnancy, gestational…

…or another stressor. Manifestations include angina, other chest discomfort, dyspnoea, or no symptoms. Although chronic coronary disease may remain stable for prolonged periods, it can…

…is non idiopathic. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Dyspnoea is the most frequent symptom and may occur even in the absence of pulmonary congestion. Patients may…

…relieving characteristics of angina; many patients report less characteristic symptoms, while others present primarily with exertional dyspnoea. Symptoms should be characterized systematically, including: Onset and…

…organ system involved. Possible manifestations include headache, visual disturbance, chest pain, dyspnoea, dizziness, and neurological deficits. Neurological involvement Hypertensive encephalopathy may present with somnolence, lethargy…

…clinical setting. Values obtained in the emergency department for acute dyspnoea should not be transferred directly to patients with less acute outpatient symptoms. Natriuretic peptides…

…present: Severe symptoms despite guideline directed antianginal treatment. Typical angina or dyspnoea at a low level of exertion. Left ventricular dysfunction suggesting extensive obstructive CAD…

…angina or angina like chest discomfort; symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischaemia despite normal or non obstructive coronary arteries; dyspnoea; fatigue; and recurrent symptoms causing impaired…

…Symptoms and conditions that should prompt assessment include: Hypertension Dyspnoea Exercise intolerance Congestive HF CAD Palpitations or suspected atrial fibrillation OSA or daytime symptoms suggestive…

…it may present with chronic angina, an anginal equivalent or exertional dyspnoea. Patients may continue to have lifestyle limiting symptoms despite guideline directed medical therapy…

…or progressive, and cardiogenic shock may develop rapidly. Ventricular septal rupture VSR typically causes: Recurrent chest pain. Dyspnoea. Hypotension. Rapid development of biventricular failure. Pulmonary…

…ischaemia, creating diagnostic difficulty in a patient recently treated for AMI. Dyspnoea may occur, particularly when the effusion is substantial or when haemodynamic consequences develop…

…clinical presentation, including the character and stability of chest discomfort, associated dyspnoea, and the presence of risk factors or previously identified coronary calcification. Age and…

…after initiation of medical treatment LV function requires evaluation in the setting of suspected ischaemia or previous infarction Dyspnoea requires assessment of dynamic LV function…

…chest discomfort, but the clinical manifestations of ischaemic heart disease are heterogeneous. Anginal equivalents may include: Midepigastric discomfort. Dyspnoea. Reduced exercise tolerance. Excessive fatigue. These…