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Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…to myocardial excitability. This is done by repeatedly stimulating with gradually decreasing amounts of energy until the stimulus no longer yields an activation. The pacemaker…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…morphine Morphine has an active renally excreted metabolite that causes late sedation and respiratory depression Marked liver failure A reduced dose of all of them…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…swelling. A vein suspected of thrombosis or previously thrombophlebitic. Intraosseous access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and the simultaneous delivery of red cells, plasma and platelets. Observational data from…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often fails is that it is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal bone instead of the soft part…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…through changes in DNA acetylation. Lipid lowering efficacy Bempedoic acid is available as a single daily dose of 180 mg. The LDL C response varies…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…A reduction of at least 50% from baseline . The treatment sequence is generally: High intensity statin therapy at the highest tolerated dose. Addition of ezetimibe…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…infection or gastroenteritis at home Double or triple the oral daily dose during the days of illness (the patient's sick day rules) Vomiting or…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…the initial dose should be reduced. Dosage and Dose Escalation To terminate tachycardia, adenosine is rapidly injected intravenously at initial doses of 6 to 12…

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