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Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…jaw, back, upper abdomen, and left or right arm. Onset and evolution How do symptoms start (suddenly or gradually)? When did the patient first note…

Endotracheal intubation

…consistent with the treatment plan — check any decision to limit treatment when time allows. There is complete upper airway obstruction where laryngoscopy will not succeed…

Deceased donor organ donation

…there is conflict about that decision, DCD must not be raised — the two decisions must never be conflated. There is no absolute upper age limit…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…The decision must be documented and alternatives (iron, tranexamic acid, cell salvage, haemorrhage control) planned in advance. A history of a severe transfusion reaction: contact…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…bundles of myocytes that form the slow conducting isthmuses critical for re entry [6] . Non ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and arrhythmogenic right…

Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…chemistry & laboratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N terminal pro BNP (NT proBNP) are circulating markers of myocardial wall stress…

Short Synacthen test

…cortisol assay, whether the samples were taken at the right times, and whether you know which decision threshold your own laboratory's method uses. In…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…whereas contemporary decision making increasingly combines anatomical imaging with functional assessment. A central practical principle is that the visual severity of a stenosis does not…

Lumbar puncture

…the threshold, but the threshold varies between regions. Infection of the skin over the puncture site. Marked haemodynamic instability — stabilise the patient first. CT before…

ECG parameters

…to adults in sinus rhythm, recorded at a paper speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10 mm. At 50 mm/s a…

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