Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Emergency medicine Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Bradycardia encompasses a spectrum of rhythm disturbances characterized by an inappropriately slow heart rate. Within…

…spontaneous movements of limbs, neck and trunk, which may cause disturbances and thus reduce the quality of the ECG recording. Moreover, the reason for recording…

…and potentially aldosterone levels. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms In the management of heart failure, digoxin improves hemodynamics without increasing heart rate or decreasing blood pressure…

…hyperkalemia and hypokalemia can induce life threatening arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, with hyperkalemia being the most prevalent electrolyte disturbance observed in cardiac arrest scenarios. Hypocalcemia…

…disturbances may also be superimposed on existing bundle branch blocks and alter their appearance. Some patients develop nonspecific intraventricular conduction defects without any change in…

…medication. It should be noted that the development of AV block upon instigation of beta blockers suggests concealed conduction disturbance in the AV system. Thus…

…complexes indicate that ventricular depolarization is slow, which may be a consequence of disturbances in the electrical conduction system. The J point and the ST…

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

…and metabolic disturbance, hypothermia, tamponade, toxins, thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary), tension pneumothorax. No drug has been shown to improve the neurological outcome in cardiac arrest…

…weight gain, peripheral edema, early satiety, abdominal distension and, in some patients, bendopnea. Congestion may also aggravate functional mitral regurgitation, ventricular dilatation, myocardial wall stress…

Conduction defects ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI): clinical implications & Sgarbossa criteria Contrary to right bundle…

Klinisk kemi & laboratoriemedicin Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Interpret the blood gas in the same order every time. Skipping a step is a common reason why…

…difference in effect. Giving the morning dose late in the day , which causes sleep disturbance and more marked HPA suppression. Inhaled and topical steroids in…

…control first Blood pressure 200/110 mmHg at rest Treat first Electrolyte disturbance Correct Second or third degree AV block Depending on the indication Marked…

…physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the symptoms and the patient…

…Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements…

…mechanism of arrhythmia; it is a ventricular conduction disturbance . It is discussed in this chapter because the phenomenon is frequently observed during arrhythmias. As previously…

…disturbance and ischaemia; pre existing or concurrent hypovolaemia; cardiac dysfunction or haemodynamic instability; and additional nephrotoxic exposures. The typical biochemical pattern is a rise in…

…severe right sided failure and cardiogenic shock. The haemodynamic disturbance results from impaired right ventricular contraction and reduced forward flow through the pulmonary circulation. Consequently…

…to the fact that the left ventricle pumps against greater resistance and any disturbance in ventricular activation will reduce the efficiency of the pumping function…

…3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support…

…following types of pacemaker dysfunction: Failure to capture (FTC) , which means that the pacemaker stimulations do not result in myocardial activation. Failure to pace (FTP) …

…automaticity will facilitate understanding of this article. As discussed in Chapter 1 the atrioventricular node does not exhibit automaticity, meaning that it does not discharge…

…arrhythmia, among others. Acute severe balance disturbance without nystagmus: HINTS does not apply. Assess gait and truncal stability and investigate for a central cause. Acute…

…hypokalaemia or marked electrolyte disturbance; correct these first before elective cardioversion. AVNRT and AVRT that respond to adenosine — try adenosine first in the stable patient…

…crisis [1,2]. A hypertensive emergency means a markedly raised blood pressure together with ongoing or new organ damage in which immediate, controlled blood pressure…

…Myocardial bridging is an anatomical variant in which a segment of an epicardial coronary artery passes through the myocardium rather than remaining on the epicardial…

…HF), atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular events. In clinical practice, obesity is conventionally defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Severe obesity…

…laboratory abnormalities indicate end organ injury. Eclampsia is the occurrence of new onset seizures or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis…

…results in disturbed ventricular relaxation. Desynchronization of myocardial activation causes impaired ventricular relaxation. Impaired relaxation causes increased diastolic pressure in the left ventricle. Disturbance in…

…visual disturbance, chest pain, dyspnoea, dizziness, and neurological deficits. Neurological involvement Hypertensive encephalopathy may present with somnolence, lethargy, tonic–clonic seizures, cortical blindness, and, in…

…revascularization A proximal lesion jeopardizes more myocardium than a distal lesion. In observational data, a lesion proximal to the first septal perforator of the left…